Auxiliary manual means for actuating hydraulic motors



Nov. 17, 1931.

H ERNST ET AL AUXILIARY MANUAL MEANS FOR ACTUATING HYDRAULIC MOTORSOriginal Filed Sept. 15. 192 2 Sheets-Sheet anowwt ow 6W Nov. 17, 1931.H ERNST ET AL 1,832,694

AUXILIARY MANUAL MEANS FOR ACTUATING HYDRAULIC MOTORS Original FiledSept. 15, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 #W /ww v W 2/" 33% c1 Hem 1c PatentedNov. 17, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HANS ERNST AND LESTER F.NENNINGER, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNORS TO THE "CINCINNATI MILLINGMACHINE COMPANY, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO AUXILIARYMAJNUAL MEANS FOR ACTUATING HYDRAULIC MOTORS Original application filedSeptember 15, 1927, Serial No. 220,721. Divided and this applicationfiled December 18, 1928.

One of the difficulties experienced in the operation of hydraulicallyactuated machine tools arises from the fact that, as heretoforeconstructed, the hydraulic systems have not provided any simple, yeteffective, means for initially positioning the tool relative to theWork-piece, as is frequently necessary in setting up a work-piece, norhave they provided any conveniently operated means, under manualcontrol, for effecting feeding move ment of the translated member when,as for example, it is desired to machine, with great precision, to aline or wall.

This invention has for an object to render available a hydraulic systemwhich will have all of the advantages common to such systems and which,in addition, will obviate the difliculties and disadvantages heretoforeencountered in their operation.

More specifically stated this invention has for an object to provideauxiliarycmanual means for actuating a hydraulic system, which'means'may be operated with as little inconvenience and difficulty as may bethe usual manual feed commonly provided in connection with automaticmechanical feeds.

AI further object of the invention is to provide auxiliary manuallyoperated means for actuating a hydraulic system and so to combine saidauxiliary means with a conventional power operated and automatically.

controlled fluid pressure system that the manual means will be capable.of operation power means both in combination with the and alsoindependently thereof. d

Another object of this invention is to provide manually operated meansfor actuating a hydraulic motor and soto construct said means ;asautomatically to compensate for the amount of fluid displacedfrom oneend of the motor by the usual piston rod, to the end that. uniformactuation'of the manual means in opposite directions will effectuniform,

Serial No. 326,843.

fluid from one end of the hydraulic motor and to force fluid into theother end thereof, to effect translation of the piston in said hydraulicmotor and thereby to effect feeding movements of the Work-table.Preferably themanual feed of the table is effected by means of acompound pump having two cylfinders both connected with a source offluid supply and each of which is connected with only one endof thehydraulic motor. These pumps are of unequal capacity, the one having thelesser capacity being connected with that end of the hydraulic motorcontaining the piston rod, whereby the pumps by their unequal capacity,automatically compensate for the difference in capacity in the oppositeends of the motor due to the presence of the piston rod in one end onlyand effect movement of the table at a uniform rate, in oppositedirections.

The automatically controlled hydraulic To enable others-skilled in theart so fully it to. apprehend the underlying features hereof 'that'theymay embody the same in the various WHYS: contemplated by this invention,drawings depicting a preferred typical construetion have been annexed asapart of this disclosure and, in such drawings, like char-1 acters ofreference denote corresponding parts throughout allthe views, of wl11ch:

Figure 1 is a. side elevation of ahydraulically actuated milling machineembodying the present invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional View of themanually actuable pump for actuating the hydraulic motor andillustrating diagrammatically the automatically actuated system withwhich it is combined. Fig. 3 is a detail sectional view through the pumpporting a carriage G, and a tool spindle S journaled ,in said carriage.Reciprocatory motions are given to the table T by means of a hydraulicmotor N comprising a cylinder 1 fixed to the base B,a'nd a piston 2slidingly fitted within said cylinder and connected with said table bypiston rod 3. Conduits 4 and 5 connect opposite ends of the cylinder"with a mechanically actuated and automatically controlled pump unitdesignated generall as P. As described in our pending application, Ser.No. 220,7 21, this pump unit may house a rapid traverse pump T, avariable displacement pump Z and a booster pump B connected, at certaintimes, by means of an automatically actuated main control valve L andsuitable conduits, with the hydraulic motor N. These pumps are adaptedto pass fluid originally contained in a reservoir R located within themachine base. The construction and action of the pumps RT, 13 and Z andthe main control valve L are clearly shown and described in the parentapplication above referred to and inasmuch as they form no part of thisinvention detailed illustration and description thereof is deemedunnecessary in this application.

Embodied in the hydraulic system, inter- -mediate the main control valveL and the hydraulic motor, is a stop valve M adapted,

in conjunction with the main valve, to isolate the pumps RT, B and Zfrom the hydraulic motor to discontinue movement of the worktable underthe influence of said pumps. The means for shifting the valve M to itsvarious positions is clearly shown and described in the applicationabove referred to and inasmuch as such means forms no part of thisinvention detailed illustration and description thereof is deemedunnecessary herein.

In addition to thehydraulically. actuated and automatically controlledfeed device for the work-table,this invention also provides improvedmanually actuated feed therefor by means of which relative movementb'etween the tool and the work may be effected and controlled with greataccuracy. A device of this nature is particularly useful for effectingan initial positioning of the tool.

and work and also to feed the work-table when it is desired to'machin eto a line with great precision. Fig. 2 discloses a manually actuatedauxilia pump and valve mechanism which readily may be combined with themechanically actuated and automatically controlled table feedhereinbefore referred to. This manual feed comprises a combined pump andvalve casing D within which is rotatably journaled a short shaft 6having secured to its outwardly projecting end a hand crank R.Intermediate its ends, the shaft 6 is provided with an eccentric 7 whichserves as the actuating element for two opposed pumps D and D of unequalcapacity. The eccentric may consist of a unitary element but preferablyit will comprise two parts, one the eccentric proper and the other asuitable wear ring surrounding the eccen tric element. The pump Dcomprises a cylinder 8 formed in the casing D and a piston 9 slidinglyfitted therein, the inner end of the piston engaging the periphery ofthe eccentric 7 and receiving outward reciprocatory motion therefrom.The outer end of the cylinder is closed as by a cap screw 10, and a coilspring 11, interposed between the screw and the piston, exerts an inwardpressure on the piston maintaining it in contact with the eccentric andcausing the piston to be retracted as the periphery of the eccentricrecedes. The pump D comprises a cyl inder 12 also formed in the casingD, a piston 13 operable in the cylinder by means of the eccentric 7 anda coil spring 14 which-functions the same as the sprin 11. A cone valve15 for controlling the'mtake and exhaust of the cylinders 8 and 12 isfixed to the shaft 6 and rotates synchronously with the eccentric 7.This valve includes disconnected arcuate ports 16 and 17 which overlapin the direction of the axis of the valve as shown in Fig. 2. The valvecasing is formed, at one side, with three parallel ports 18*, 18 and 18and a transverse duct 18 connected with the cylinder 8, and at theoposite side with three ports 19*, 19 and 19 and a transverse duct 19connected with the cylinder 12. A coil spring 20 interposed betweenwashers abutting the eccentric 7 and a flanged bushing 21 secured withinthe casing serves to maintain the cone valve in its conicalseat. Thepump D serves, upon rotation of the crank R, in the direction indicatedby the arrow 27, in Fig. 2, to withdraw measured amounts of fluid fromthe right end of-the feed cylinder 1. During this pumping action thefluid flows from the feed cylinder, through pipe line 22, through ports18, 17, 18 and duct 18 into the cylinder 8 during the intake stroke ofthe piston 9. Upon rotation of the crank R and the eccentric 7, to

1 effect exhaust movement of the piston 9, the

of the feed cylinder, thereby causing the piston, and the work-tableconnected therewith, to be shifted to the ri ht. Upon retraction of thepiston 13, flui is drawn into the cylinder 12, through a pipe line24,-ports 19", 17, 19 and duct 19 Upon rotation of the eccentric 7 todepress the piston 13 the valve '15 is moved to bring the port 16 intothe position shown in dotted lines and as the piston is depressed thefluid within the cylinder is exhausted through the duct 19 ports 19",16, 19 and through pipe line 25 into the left end of the feed cylinder.Thus it will be perceived that one of the manually actuated pumps actsas a propelling means for the hydraulic motor while the other acts as ametering device to permit fluid to escape from the exhaust end of themotor in measured amounts so that the movable element of the motor maybe moved under the influence of said propelling means.

Upon rotation of the crank R in the direction reversed to that justdescribed, the pumps D and D operate in a reverse manner therebywithdrawing fluid from the left end of the feed cylinder and injectingfluid into the right end thereof, thus causin the piston and thework-table connected t erewith to .be moved toward the left.

. To insure that the table will be moved at.

uniform speeds in opposite directions, the pistons 9 and 13 preferablyare formed of sizes bearing the same ratio as the effective crosssectional areas of the two ends of the feed'cylinders which, it will beperceived, are unequal due to the fact that one end of the feed cylindercontains the piston rod.

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist ofthis invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readilyadapt it for various utilizations by retaining one or more of thefeatures that, from the standpoint of the prior art, fairly constituteessential characteristics of either the generic or specific aspects ofthis invention and, therefore, such adaptations should be, and areintended to be, comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalencyof the following claims Having thus revealed this invention, we claim asnew and desire to secure the following combinations and elements, orequivalents thereof, by Letters Patent of United States 1. A machinetool combining work and tool carriers; power driven hydraulic means forshifting one of said carriers; and a manually operable pump device fortransferring fluid from an inlet to an outlet side of said means, andconversely, for accomplishing an adjustment in the position of saidcarrier.

2. A machine tool combining work and tool carriers; power drivenhydraulic means for shifting one of said carriers; a valve adapted toprevent circulation of fluid through said hydraulic means, therebyhydraulically locking said carrier; and a manually operable pump devicefor transferring fluid from an inlet to an outlet side of said means,and conversely, for accomplishing an adjustment in the position of saidcarrier.

3. A machine tool combining a relatively stationary member; a memberadjustable thereon; a hydraulic cylinder fixed to one of said members; apiston in said cylinder and connected with the other of said members; amanually actuated double pump mechanism comprising two pumps connected,respectively, with the opposite ends of said cylinder, one of saidpumpsbeing adapted, upon actuation, positively to force fluid into oneend of said cylinder and the other pump acting simultaneouslytherewithto permit limited exhaust from the opposite end of said cylinder byremoving measured amounts of fluid therefrom, thereby to effect relativemovement between the cylinder and piston and consequently adjustment ofsaid shiftable member.

4. A machine tool combining a relatively stationary member; a memberadjustable thereon; a hydraulic cylinder fixed to one of said members; apiston in said cylinder and connected with the other of said members bymeans of a piston rod; two simultaneously and manually actuable pumpmechanisms of unequal capacity connected with the opposite ends of saidcylinder, one of said pumps acting to force fluid into one end ofcylinder and the other acting to permit fluid to be ex hausted from theother end of the cylinder at a predetermined rate, the ratio of capacityof the two pumps being substantially equal to the unequal capacity, perunit oflength, of the opposite ends of the cylinder due to displacementcaused by the piston rod. v

5. A machine tool as set forth in claim 4:

in which the manually. actuated pump includes a rotatable actuatingcrank; a manually actuated valve .mechanism'operated in timed relationwith the actuation of the pumps, and which, upon rotation of the crankin one direction, causes fluid tof be 'injec'ted into the left end ofthe cylinder andexhausted from the right end; and which reverses theaction of the p mps when the in the opposite direction." j

6. Amachine tool combininga' reciproca ble table; power. actuatedhydraulic means for reciprocating said table, said means co'mprising .arelatively shift-able cylinder and piston, one of which is stationaryand the 15 crank is turned v other of which is connectedwith thecylinderfor subjecting one end of said cylinder to substantial fluid pressure;escapementtmeans to permit limited amounts of fluid successively to beexhausted from the opposite end of said cylinder; means to discontinuethe flow of fluid through said fluid pressure line and to renderinefl'ective said escapement means;

and an auxiliary manually actuated hydraulic means connected withopposite ends of said cylinder for similarly effecting movement of saidtable.

7. In a machine tool, a member to be translated, a hydraulic motormechanically connected with said member; two pumps, one hydraulicallyconnected with one end of said motor and the other hydraulicallyconnected to the other end thereof; manually actuated means foroperating said pumps to cause one of said-pumps to force fluid into oneend of said motor and simultaneously therewith to operate the other ofsaid pumps to cause it to effect exhaust, in measured amounts, from theother end of said motor.

8. In a machine tool, a member to be translated; a hydraulic motor fortranslating said member, said motor comprising a cylinder, a pistonslidable insaid cylinder, and a piston rod connecting said piston withthe member to be translated; two pumps of unequal capacity hydraulicallyconnected with said cylinder at opposite ends of said piston, thecapacity of the pumps being proportionate to the unequal capacity of theopposite ends of the cylinder, per unit of length, due to the presenceof the piston rod in one end only of the cylinder and manually actuatedmeans synchronously to operate said pumps to cause one to effect exhaustof fluid, in measured amounts, from one end of the cylinder while theother pump is injecting fluid into the other end of the cylinder.

9. In a machine tool, a member to be translated, a hydraulic motormechanically connected with said member; a source of fluid supply; twopumps, each of which is connected with said source and both of which arehydraulically connected with one end only of said hydraulic motor; acommon actuator for both of said pumps, said actuator serving to effectintake of one pump during the exhaust of the other pump; manual meansfor operating said actuator; and valve means movable in timed relationwith said actuator for connecting one of said pumps with one end of saidmotor during its intake stroke and simultaneously therewith connectingthe other pump to the other end of the motor.

10. A device of the character set forth in claim 9 in which the pumps,the valve, and

the pump actuator are so constructed and coordinated that continuousrotation of-the manual operating means causes one pump eriodical y todraw measured amounts of fluid from its source and inject it into oneend of the motor while the other pump periodically receives fluid inmeasured amounts from the other end of said motor and returns it to saidsource.

11. In a machine tool, a member to be translated;,"a hydraulic motor totranslate said member; a source of fluid supply; a pump having an intakeport connected with one end of said motor and an exhaust port connectedwith said source of fluid supply; a second pump having its intake portconnected with said source of fluid supply and its exhaust portconnected with the other end of said motor; a manually rotatableeccentric device adapted, during its rotation to actuate both of saidpumps, said pumps being arranged 180 apart about the'axis of saidactuator whereby one pump intakes while the other exhausts; and a valvemechanism rotatable with said eccentric device and adapted duringrotation thereof alternately to connect each pump first with its intakeport and then with its exhaust port.

In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names.

HANS ERNST.

LESTER F. NENNINGER.

